[Image: Cropped map of 1871–1914 Europe; Text: Irish-Danish-German Heritage]

(Europe, 1871–1914)

Ireland

Irish–Danish–German Heritage

Introduction

[Image: Irish flag]

[Image: Celtic script; Text: Eire]

Ireland (Irish: Éire), in full: the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), lies in Northern Europe. Its capital is Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath).

Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland were partitioned in 1921. Southern Ireland became the Irish Free State within the British Commonwealth in 1922. It has been the fully independent Republic of Ireland since 1949, when it left the British Commonwealth.

Relevant families:

Relevant regions:

See also: Irish Emigration

Dublin, capital of Ireland
[Image: Dublin]

Maps:

Map of Europe highlighting the Republic of Ireland
[Image: Map of Europe]
Map of Ireland and surrounding countries
[Image: Cropped map of Europe]

Source: Adapted from public-domain image of map by United States Central Intelligence Agency, Europe, 2008, http://www.loc.gov/item/2008620735/; image cropped; disclaimer on map: “Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative.”

Map of Ireland
[Image: Map of Ireland]

The local government of the Republic of Ireland is composed of councils (comhairlí), as shown in the map below:

Map of councils of the Republic of Ireland
[Image: Map of Ireland]

The 31 councils are mostly the same as the 26 traditional counties of Ireland that are now within the Republic of Ireland. Below is a list of councils:

Differences between current councils and traditional-county boundaries
Traditional countyCurrent councils
County CorkCork City Council
Cork County Council
County DublinDublin City Council
Dun Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council
Fingal County Council
South Dublin County Council
County GalwayGalway City Council
Galway County Council

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

In the 19th century, the entire island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922).

Map of Ireland and surrounding countries, 1815
[Image: Cropped map of Europe]

Source: Adapted from public-domain image by Longmans, Green, and Co., Europe 1815, in Colbeck 1905, map 99; courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin; image straightened and cropped.

Map of Ireland and surrounding countries, 1871–1914
[Image: Cropped map of Europe]
Map of united Ireland with traditional provinces and counties
[Image: Map of Ireland]
Traditional provinces (cúigí) and counties (contaetha) of Ireland
ProvinceCounty
EnglishIrish
Province Ulster
(Cúige Uladh)
County Antrim
(now in Northern Ireland, UK)
Contae Aontroma
County Armagh
(now in Northern Ireland, UK)
Contae Ard Mhacha
County CavanContae an Chabháin
County DonegalContae Dhún na nGall
County Down
(now in Northern Ireland, UK)
Contae an Dúin
County Fermanagh
(now in Northern Ireland, UK)
Contae Fhear Manach
County Londonderry
(County Derry, to Irish nationalists; now in Northern Ireland, UK)
Contae Dhoire
County MonaghanContae Mhuineacháin
County Tyrone
(now in Northern Ireland, UK)
Contae Thír Eoghain
Province Connaught
(Cúige Connacht)
County GalwayContae na Gaillimhe
County LeitrimContae Liatroma
County MayoContae Mhaigh Eo
County RoscommonContae Ros Comáin
County SligoContae Shligigh
Province Leinster
(Cúige Laighean)
County CarlowContae Cheatharlach
County DublinContae Átha Cliath
County KildareContae Chill Dara
County KilkennyContae Chill Chainnigh
County LaoisContae Laoise
County LongfordContae an Longfoirt
County LouthContae Lú
County MeathContae na Mí
County OffalyContae Uíbh Fhailí
County WestmeathContae na hIarmhí
County WexfordContae Loch Garman
County WicklowContae Chill Mhantáin
Province Munster
(Cúige Mumhan)
County ClareContae an Chláir
County CorkContae Chorcaí
County KerryContae Chiarraí
County LimerickContae Luimnigh
County TipperaryContae Thiobraid Árann
County WaterfordContae Phort Láirge

The following is a Victorian trade card for Arbuckle Bros. coffee of New York City:

Ireland.
Front
[Image: Irish people engaged in pastimes]
Back
[Image: Text (see below)]
Transcription of article

Ireland.

The Emerald Isle from time immemorial has been the home of merry sport and gladsome enjoyment. Its people are hot-headed and quick to resent offence, generous to a fault, and forgiving to a degree, superstitious, devout and easy going.

The celebration of Hallowe’en, the 31st of October is a festivity that is looked forward to with keenest anticipation by all the young people of Ireland. Numerous are the games played. For instance apples are placed in a tub of water and each in turn tries to pick one out with his teeth. If successful it predicted luck in matters of love.

Another Hallowe’en game is Apple and Candle. On a stick 18 inches long, an apple is fastened at one end, and a lighted candle at the other. The stick is suspended from the ceiling by a string and then the string is swung backward and forward, while the players one by one try to catch the apple in their teeth.

Who shall describe the Irish jig. Into its engaging movements and attractive energy is infused much of the national spirit.

A peculiar sport of the Irish, and one very characteristic of the humor of the race is that of the “Greased Pig.” Such an animal is anointed so that his hide is extremely slippery. He is then started to run amuck through the ranks of those participating in the play. These attempt to catch and hold his pigship with their hands—a difficult task. He who succeeds, walks off with the prize the squealing cause of the tumult and hilarity

The Irish are famous boxers. Boxing is the art of using those natural weapons—the hands, in assault and defence. To be a good boxer one must be quick of eye, self-possessed, ready of device, agile and good-tempered.

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Reference list

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