Introduction | 19th century | Reference list
Introduction
Denmark (Danmark ), in full: the Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark ), lies in Northern Europe . Its capital is Copenhagen (København ). The Danish Realm includes Denmark proper and the mostly self-ruling countries of the Faroe Islands (north of Great Britain) and Greenland (in North America).
Relevant families:
Johnson1
Olsen1 [Olson]
Olsen2
Rasmussen1
Rasmussen2
Relevant region: Region Zealand
See also: Danish Emigration
Copenhagen, capital of Denmark
Source: Public-domain photograph by Thue, “Vor Frelsers Kirke -view8” [“Church of Our Saviour-view8”], 4 June 2006, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg .
Note: The photograph looks northwest from the Church of Our Saviour, with Christiansborg Palace (now housing the Danish Parliament) at upper left, Copenhagen harbor across the width, and a canal at center to the right of the palace.
Maps:
Map of Europe highlighting Denmark
Map of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and a glimpse of Greenland) and surrounding countries
Source: Adapted from public-domain image of map by United States Central Intelligence Agency, Europe , 2008, http://www.loc.gov/item/2008620735/ ; image cropped; disclaimer on map: “Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative.”
Map of Denmark
Map of peninsula and islands of Denmark
Denmark is divided into the levels of
region (region).
kommune (municipality).
sted (locality).
Map of regions of Denmark
Regions (regioner ) of Denmark
English Danish
North Denmark Region Region Nordjylland
Central Denmark Region Region Midtjylland
Region of Southern Denmark Region Syddanmark
Capital Region of Denmark Region Hovedstaden
Region Zealand Region Sjælland
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19th century
The map below shows Denmark, with the German Confederation (1815–1866) to its south:
Map of Denmark and surrounding countries, 1815
Source: Adapted from public-domain image by Longmans, Green, and Co., Europe 1815 , in Colbeck 1905, map 99 ; courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin; image straightened and cropped.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the border region between Denmark and Prussia (to Denmark’s south) was disputed. After wars with Prussia and Austria in the late 19th century, Denmark got official control of Northern Schleswig in 1920. Northern Schleswig is currently within the Region of Southern Denmark, and Southern Schleswig is within Germany’s state of Schleswig–Holstein.
The following map shows a shorter Denmark than the previous map, with Schleswig as part of the German Empire (1871–1918) to Denmark’s south:
Map of Denmark and surrounding countries, 1871–1914
Source: Adapted from public-domain image by Velhagen and Klasing, Europe at the Present Time , in Shepherd 1911, 166–167, courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin, http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/europe_1911.jpg [via http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_europe.html ]; image cropped.
Note: The “1871–1914” is from the same map, Europe, 1871–1914 , in Shepherd 1926, 166–167 . Also, the “© Velhagen & Klaſing [Klasing]” was mostly cut off from the lower left in this version of the image but is visible in the main, smaller, scan: Shepherd 1911, 166–167 .
In the 19th century, Denmark was divided into the levels of
amt (county).
herred (hundred).
sogn (parish).
sted (locality).
Counties were consolidated in 1970, and all counties were replaced by the larger “regions” in 2007. The map below shows the 19th-century counties:
Map of 19th-century counties of Denmark
Source: Adapted from public-domain image by Lars Helbo, Danske-amter-1793-1970 , 28 July 2005, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danske-amter-1793-1970.png ; numbers removed, labels added, Ertholmene archipelago added, some colors changed, inset border thinned, and Copenhagen county boundary updated to include Roskilde county merger into Copenhagen county.
Note: In 1920 Denmark got official control of Northern Schleswig , the counties of (clockwise from top) Haderslev, Sønderborg , Aabenraa, and Tønder .
Faroe county (the Faroe Islands, north of Great Britain) is not shown on the map. Greenland was a colony of Denmark at the time. The inset contains the eastern island of Bornholm and the tiny Ertholmene archipelago .
Former counties (amter ) of Denmark, 19th century
English Danish
Old spelling Modern spelling
Aalborg Aalborg Ålborg
Aarhus Aarhus Århus (or Aarhus)
Bornholm Bornholms Bornholms
Copenhagen Kjöbenhavns Københavns
Faroe Færö Færø
Frederiksborg Frederiksborg Frederiksborg
Hjørring Hjörring Hjørring
Holbæk Holbæk Holbæk
Maribo Maribo Maribo
Odense Odense Odense
Præstø Præstö Præstø
Randers Randers Randers
Ribe Ribe Ribe
Ringkøbing Ringkjöbing Ringkøbing
Skanderborg Skanderborg Skanderborg
Sorø Sorö Sorø
Svendborg Svendborg Svendborg
Thisted Thisted Thisted
Vejle Vejle Vejle
Viborg Viborg Viborg
The illustrations below are from a German book on traditional clothing of the world:
Dänemark [Denmark]
Source: Reproduced from image of illustration, Dänemark [Denmark ], in Rosenberg & Heyck 1905, vol. 5, panel 351 ; caption in the original.
Note: Pictured are:
Top, left to right:
Man and woman from Amager island (in former Copenhagen county)
Man from Lyø island (in former Svendborg county)
Farm landowner from the Hedebo region (in former Copenhagen county)
Woman from Funen island (divided between former Odense and Svendborg counties)
Bottom, left to right:
Woman and man from Røsnæs (in former Holbæk county)
Woman form Drejø island (in former Svendborg county)
Girl from Ringkøbing (former) county in western Jutland
Woman from Iceland
Woman from southern Jutland
The following is a Victorian trade card for Arbuckle Bros. coffee of New York City:
Denmark.
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Back
Transcription of article
Denmark.
The Danes are of the Scandinavian race, but the sea flows between them and Norway and Sweden. Like their brethren of these nations, they are blond, strong, healthy and rugged. They are tireless in work, but somewhat too serious minded for ardent pleasure seekers. Rough and ready, they are nevertheless gentle at heart. Their blue eyes now kindle with resentment, then melt with love. In the summer when they may take a cessation from labor, they relax sufficiently throughout nearly the whole country to pay one visit at least to Copenhagen. The occasion is the Fair. In the winter they share with neighboring nations the delights of the ice. Oftentimes the frozen waters are utilized however more for the purposes of commerce than of pleasure.
The Copenhagen Fair is held in a grove bordering that city. It is held near a well, which people originally visited because of superstitious veneration for the efficacy of its waters. Tents for the accommodation of all classes are pitched, and a great number of booths are erected. Wild beasts from all parts of the globe are exhibited. Exhibitions of horsemanship, rope-dancing, sleight-of-hand, wax-works and numerous entertainments are given. Even foreign dramas are enacted. On special evenings the gates of Copenhagen are left open so that the inhabitants may enjoy the benefits of the well, and the pleasures of the park.
Swans are numerous round the small islands of the Baltic. It used to be the custom to surround these islands in pinnaces, close in on them and kill the swans by hundreds. The flesh is worthless but the feathers and down were preserved. The battues once so popular have become less so.
Salmon fishing is the favorite angling sport of the Danes; rowing is a pastime dear to both the male and female heart.
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Reference list
Colbeck, Charles, ed. 1905. The Public Schools Historical Atlas . London: Longmans, Green, and Co., http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_colbeck_1905.html .
Rosenberg, Adolf, and Eduard Heyck. 1905. Geschichte des Kostüms [History of Costumes ], vols. 4 and 5. New York: E. Weyhe, https://archive.org/details/geschichtedeskos04rose and https://archive.org/details/geschichtedeskos05rose [in German; other volumes: 1 (includes table of contents for all volumes), 2 , 3 ].
Shepherd, William R. 1911. Historical Atlas . New York: Henry Holt and Company, http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_shepherd_1911.html .
Shepherd, William R. 1926. Historical Atlas . New York: Henry Holt and Company, http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_shepherd_1923.html .
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