[Image: Cropped map of 1871–1914 Europe; Text: Irish-Danish-German Heritage]

(Europe, 1871–1914)

Denmark

Irish–Danish–German Heritage

Introduction

[Image: Danish flag]

[Image: Germanic Gothic script; Text: Danmark]

Denmark (Danmark), in full: the Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark), lies in Northern Europe. Its capital is Copenhagen (København). The Danish Realm includes Denmark proper and the mostly self-ruling countries of the Faroe Islands (north of Great Britain) and Greenland (in North America).

Relevant families:

Relevant region: Region Zealand

See also: Danish Emigration

Copenhagen, capital of Denmark
[Image: Copenhagen skyline]

Source: Public-domain photograph by Thue, “Vor Frelsers Kirke-view8” [“Church of Our Saviour-view8”], 4 June 2006, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg.

Note: The photograph looks northwest from the Church of Our Saviour, with Christiansborg Palace (now housing the Danish Parliament) at upper left, Copenhagen harbor across the width, and a canal at center to the right of the palace.

Maps:

Map of Europe highlighting Denmark
[Image: Map of Europe]
Map of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and a glimpse of Greenland) and surrounding countries
[Image: Cropped map of Europe]

Source: Adapted from public-domain image of map by United States Central Intelligence Agency, Europe, 2008, http://www.loc.gov/item/2008620735/; image cropped; disclaimer on map: “Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative.”

Map of Denmark
[Image: Map of Denmark]
Map of peninsula and islands of Denmark
[Image: Map of Denmark]
Islands (øer) of Denmark with Population over 500
EnglishDanish

Source: Data from database table, “Population 1. January by Islands,” 2016, Statistics Denmark, http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=BEF4&TabStrip=Select&PLanguage=1&FF=20.

ZealandSjælland
FunenFyn
North Jutland Island (Vendsyssel–Thy)Nørrejyske Ø (Vendsyssel-Thy)
AmagerAmager
LollandLolland
AlsAls
FalsterFalster
BornholmBornholm
MorsMors
LangelandLangeland
MønMøn
ÆrøÆrø
TåsingeTåsinge
SamsøSamsø
ThurøThurø
FanøFanø
LæsøLæsø
BogøBogø
OrøOrø
FurFur
RømøRømø

Denmark is divided into the levels of

Map of regions of Denmark
[Image: Map of Denmark]
Regions (regioner) of Denmark
EnglishDanish
North Denmark RegionRegion Nordjylland
Central Denmark RegionRegion Midtjylland
Region of Southern DenmarkRegion Syddanmark
Capital Region of DenmarkRegion Hovedstaden
Region ZealandRegion Sjælland

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19th century

The map below shows Denmark, with the German Confederation (1815–1866) to its south:

Map of Denmark and surrounding countries, 1815
[Image: Cropped map of Europe]

Source: Adapted from public-domain image by Longmans, Green, and Co., Europe 1815, in Colbeck 1905, map 99; courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin; image straightened and cropped.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the border region between Denmark and Prussia (to Denmark’s south) was disputed. After wars with Prussia and Austria in the late 19th century, Denmark got official control of Northern Schleswig in 1920. Northern Schleswig is currently within the Region of Southern Denmark, and Southern Schleswig is within Germany’s state of Schleswig–Holstein.

The following map shows a shorter Denmark than the previous map, with Schleswig as part of the German Empire (1871–1918) to Denmark’s south:

Map of Denmark and surrounding countries, 1871–1914
[Image: Cropped map of Europe]

In the 19th century, Denmark was divided into the levels of

Counties were consolidated in 1970, and all counties were replaced by the larger “regions” in 2007. The map below shows the 19th-century counties:

Map of 19th-century counties of Denmark
[Image: Map of Denmark]

Source: Adapted from public-domain image by Lars Helbo, Danske-amter-1793-1970, 28 July 2005, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danske-amter-1793-1970.png; numbers removed, labels added, Ertholmene archipelago added, some colors changed, inset border thinned, and Copenhagen county boundary updated to include Roskilde county merger into Copenhagen county.

Note: In 1920 Denmark got official control of Northern Schleswig, the counties of (clockwise from top) Haderslev, Sønderborg, Aabenraa, and Tønder.

Faroe county (the Faroe Islands, north of Great Britain) is not shown on the map. Greenland was a colony of Denmark at the time. The inset contains the eastern island of Bornholm and the tiny Ertholmene archipelago.

Former counties (amter) of Denmark, 19th century
EnglishDanish
Old spellingModern spelling
AalborgAalborgÅlborg
AarhusAarhusÅrhus (or Aarhus)
BornholmBornholmsBornholms
CopenhagenKjöbenhavnsKøbenhavns
FaroeFæröFærø
FrederiksborgFrederiksborgFrederiksborg
HjørringHjörringHjørring
HolbækHolbækHolbæk
MariboMariboMaribo
OdenseOdenseOdense
PræstøPræstöPræstø
RandersRandersRanders
RibeRibeRibe
RingkøbingRingkjöbingRingkøbing
SkanderborgSkanderborgSkanderborg
SorøSoröSorø
SvendborgSvendborgSvendborg
ThistedThistedThisted
VejleVejleVejle
ViborgViborgViborg

The illustrations below are from a German book on traditional clothing of the world:

Dänemark [Denmark]
[Image: Danish people in various traditional clothing]

Source: Reproduced from image of illustration, Dänemark [Denmark], in Rosenberg & Heyck 1905, vol. 5, panel 351; caption in the original.

Note: Pictured are:

  • Top, left to right:
    • Man and woman from Amager island (in former Copenhagen county)
    • Man from Lyø island (in former Svendborg county)
    • Farm landowner from the Hedebo region (in former Copenhagen county)
    • Woman from Funen island (divided between former Odense and Svendborg counties)
  • Bottom, left to right:
    • Woman and man from Røsnæs (in former Holbæk county)
    • Woman form Drejø island (in former Svendborg county)
    • Girl from Ringkøbing (former) county in western Jutland
    • Woman from Iceland
    • Woman from southern Jutland

The following is a Victorian trade card for Arbuckle Bros. coffee of New York City:

Denmark.
Front
[Image: Danish people engaged in pastimes]
Back
[Image: Text (see below)]
Transcription of article

Denmark.

The Danes are of the Scandinavian race, but the sea flows between them and Norway and Sweden. Like their brethren of these nations, they are blond, strong, healthy and rugged. They are tireless in work, but somewhat too serious minded for ardent pleasure seekers. Rough and ready, they are nevertheless gentle at heart. Their blue eyes now kindle with resentment, then melt with love. In the summer when they may take a cessation from labor, they relax sufficiently throughout nearly the whole country to pay one visit at least to Copenhagen. The occasion is the Fair. In the winter they share with neighboring nations the delights of the ice. Oftentimes the frozen waters are utilized however more for the purposes of commerce than of pleasure.

The Copenhagen Fair is held in a grove bordering that city. It is held near a well, which people originally visited because of superstitious veneration for the efficacy of its waters. Tents for the accommodation of all classes are pitched, and a great number of booths are erected. Wild beasts from all parts of the globe are exhibited. Exhibitions of horsemanship, rope-dancing, sleight-of-hand, wax-works and numerous entertainments are given. Even foreign dramas are enacted. On special evenings the gates of Copenhagen are left open so that the inhabitants may enjoy the benefits of the well, and the pleasures of the park.

Swans are numerous round the small islands of the Baltic. It used to be the custom to surround these islands in pinnaces, close in on them and kill the swans by hundreds. The flesh is worthless but the feathers and down were preserved. The battues once so popular have become less so.

Salmon fishing is the favorite angling sport of the Danes; rowing is a pastime dear to both the male and female heart.

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Reference list

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