Denmark (Danmark), in full: the Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark), lies in Northern Europe. Its capital is Copenhagen (København). The Danish Realm includes Denmark proper and the mostly self-ruling countries of the Faroe Islands (north of Great Britain) and Greenland (in North America).
Map of Europe highlighting DenmarkMap of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and a glimpse of Greenland) and surrounding countriesMap of DenmarkMap of peninsula and islands of Denmark
The map below shows Denmark, with the German Confederation (1815–1866) to its south:
Map of Denmark and surrounding countries, 1815
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the border region between Denmark and Prussia (to Denmark’s south) was disputed. After wars with Prussia and Austria in the late 19th century, Denmark got official control of Northern Schleswig in 1920. Northern Schleswig is currently within the Region of Southern Denmark, and Southern Schleswig is within Germany’s state of Schleswig–Holstein.
The following map shows a shorter Denmark than the previous map, with Schleswig as part of the German Empire (1871–1918) to Denmark’s south:
Map of Denmark and surrounding countries, 1871–1914
In the 19th century, Denmark was divided into the levels of
amt (county).
herred (hundred).
sogn (parish).
sted (locality).
Counties were consolidated in 1970, and all counties were replaced by the larger “regions” in 2007. The map below shows the 19th-century counties:
Map of 19th-century counties of Denmark
Former counties (amter) of Denmark, 19th century
English
Danish
Old spelling
Modern spelling
Aalborg
Aalborg
Ålborg
Aarhus
Aarhus
Århus (or Aarhus)
Bornholm
Bornholms
Bornholms
Copenhagen
Kjöbenhavns
Københavns
Faroe
Færö
Færø
Frederiksborg
Frederiksborg
Frederiksborg
Hjørring
Hjörring
Hjørring
Holbæk
Holbæk
Holbæk
Maribo
Maribo
Maribo
Odense
Odense
Odense
Præstø
Præstö
Præstø
Randers
Randers
Randers
Ribe
Ribe
Ribe
Ringkøbing
Ringkjöbing
Ringkøbing
Skanderborg
Skanderborg
Skanderborg
Sorø
Sorö
Sorø
Svendborg
Svendborg
Svendborg
Thisted
Thisted
Thisted
Vejle
Vejle
Vejle
Viborg
Viborg
Viborg
The illustrations below are from a German book on traditional clothing of the world:
Dänemark [Denmark]
The following is a Victorian trade card for Arbuckle Bros. coffee of New York City:
Denmark.FrontBackTranscription of article
Denmark.
The Danes are of the Scandinavian race, but the sea flows between them and Norway and Sweden. Like their brethren of these nations, they are blond, strong, healthy and rugged. They are tireless in work, but somewhat too serious minded for ardent pleasure seekers. Rough and ready, they are nevertheless gentle at heart. Their blue eyes now kindle with resentment, then melt with love. In the summer when they may take a cessation from labor, they relax sufficiently throughout nearly the whole country to pay one visit at least to Copenhagen. The occasion is the Fair. In the winter they share with neighboring nations the delights of the ice. Oftentimes the frozen waters are utilized however more for the purposes of commerce than of pleasure.
The Copenhagen Fair is held in a grove bordering that city. It is held near a well, which people originally visited because of superstitious veneration for the efficacy of its waters. Tents for the accommodation of all classes are pitched, and a great number of booths are erected. Wild beasts from all parts of the globe are exhibited. Exhibitions of horsemanship, rope-dancing, sleight-of-hand, wax-works and numerous entertainments are given. Even foreign dramas are enacted. On special evenings the gates of Copenhagen are left open so that the inhabitants may enjoy the benefits of the well, and the pleasures of the park.
Swans are numerous round the small islands of the Baltic. It used to be the custom to surround these islands in pinnaces, close in on them and kill the swans by hundreds. The flesh is worthless but the feathers and down were preserved. The battues once so popular have become less so.
Salmon fishing is the favorite angling sport of the Danes; rowing is a pastime dear to both the male and female heart.